Islam and Civilization: Classical Arabic Studies before the Prophet and the Birth of Islamic Education during the Time of the Prophet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64420/ijris.v2i2.291Keywords:
Classical Arabic, Birth of Islam, Islamic Education, The Era of the ProphetAbstract
Background: Before the arrival of Islam, Arab society lived in the Jahiliyyah period, which was characterized by polytheism, social instability, and low moral standards. Objective: This study aims to explore and analyze social and educational changes in pre-Prophet Classical Arabia, examining the emergence of the Islamic education system during the time of the Prophet Muhammad, including the transition from informal oral traditions to a more structured, revelation-based education system. Method: The research employs a literature study approach, specifically a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Primary and secondary sources are analyzed thematically to compare the characteristics of Arab society before and after the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, with a focus on social, economic, and educational dimensions. Results: The findings show that the arrival of Islam through the Prophet Muhammad SAW brought radical changes in the socio-economic and educational order. Education, which initially evolved from informal and oral traditions, developed into a structured system centered on revelation, literacy (including reading and writing), and early institutions such as the Kuttab and Suffah, as well as the strengthening of scientific ethics through the values of monotheism, justice, and morality. Conclusion: The shift from the pre-Islamic to the prophetic era transformed education from oral traditions to structured learning, strengthening moral foundations, expanding literacy, and redefining the link between knowledge, religion, and society. Contribution: This research provides a historical and critical perspective on the emergence of Islamic education as a response to the limitations of pre-Islamic society, framing education as a driver of social change and a conceptual basis for developing value-based curricula and modern educational models.
References
Alam, F. N. S., & Yumna, S. (2025). Arabic Literature as a Mirror of Its Era: A Historical Study from the Jahiliyyah Period to the Peak of Islamic Civilization. IJAS: International Journal of Arabic Studies, 106-118. https://ojs.bustanilmu.com/index.php/IJAS/article/view/78
Almubarok, F. (2018). Keadilan Dalam Perspektif Islam. ISTIGHNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 1(2), 115-143. https://doi.org/10.33853/istighna.v1i2.6
Amin, M. (2022). Relasi sosial dalam Al-Qur'an. QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies, 1(1), 30-47. https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v1i1.523
Aroos, A., Insaf, M. G. M., Ashath, M., & Razeen, T. R. (2025). The Prophetic Approach To Diversity And Inclusion: A Model For Muslim Minorities. Al-Burhān: Journal Of Qurʾān And Sunnah Studies, 9(1), 108-130. https://doi.org/10.31436/alburhn.v9i1.365
Astriani, A., Shafar, A. G., & Kurniati, K. (2024). Sejarah Etika Politik dan Hubungannya Dengan Islam. Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary, 2(2), 182-192. https://journals.ldpb.org/index.php/eljbn/article/view/197
Batubara, T. (2024). Keadaan Sosial Arabia Sebelum Kedatangan Islam. Indonesian Journal of History and Islamic Civilization (IJHIC), 1(2), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijhic.v1i2.10
Damayanty, R., & Ellya Roza, E. R. (2024). Sistem Kepercayaan Paganisme Masyarakat Arab Pra Islam. Tajdid, 8(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52266/tadjid.v8i1.2734
Damayanty, R., & Roza, E. R. E. (2024). Sistem Kepercayaan Paganisme Masyarakat Arab Pra Islam. TAJDID: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman dan Kemanusiaan, 8(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.52266/tadjid.v8i1.2734
Fherlia, F., & Alimni, A. (2023). Tri Pusat Pendidikan Dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia. Al-Khair Journal: Management, Education, and Law, 3(1), 145. https://doi.org/10.29300/kh.v3i1.10920
Gani, A., Oktavani, M., & Suhartono, S. (2024). Pendidikan Agama Islam: Fondasi Moral Spiritualitas Bangsa. Al-I'tibar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(3), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.30599/jrek7951
Günther, S. (2020). Islamic education, its culture, content and methods: An introduction. In Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 vols) (pp. 1-39). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004413214_002
Hami, W. (2021). Pendidikan dan Pengajaran dalam Al-Qur'an. Madaniyah, 11(2), 151-162. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/504494
Harmathilda, H., Yuli, Y., Hakim, A. R., Damayanti, D., & Supriyadi, C. (2024). Transformasi Pendidikan Pesantren Di Era Modern: Antara Tradisi Dan Inovasi. Karimiyah, 4(1), 33-50. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e240/9cef9b101b9d0cbc86fb3c7cc24bf64c9386.pdf
Hermawati, K. A. (2023). Pendidikan Islam Era Transformasi Sosial Society 5.0: Studi Analisa Terhadap Hadis Nabi. Al-Tarbawi Al-Haditsah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1). https://www.syekhnurjati.ac.id/jurnal%20/index.php/tarbawi/article/view/14060
Humah, D., Arifin, Z., & Wajo, A. R. (2024). Sistem Pemerintahan di Kesultanan Ternate. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(24.2), 896-909. https://www.jurnal.peneliti.net/index.php/JIWP/article/view/11503
Ilyas, A., Pilo, N., & Mahmud, H. (2022). Perspektif Pendidikan Islam Tentang Manajemen Perubahan Untuk Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. journal of management science (JMS), 3(2), 200-207. https://doi.org/10.52103/jms.v3i2.1105
Ismail, M., Jannah, M., Rahmatia, F., & Sari, H. P. (2025). Peran Pendidikan Al-Qur’an dan Hadis Terhadap Pembentukan Kebudayaan Islam. La-Tahzan: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 17(1), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.52103/jms.v3i2.1105
Karima, M. K., Megarani, S., Siregar, J. S., Diwanta, F., Ramadiah, P. S., Tantri, D. A., ... & Sitorus, M. U. (2023). Telaah Piagam Madinah Sebagai Konstitusi Pertama Dunia. PENDIS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial), 2(1), 35-47. https://doi.org/10.61721/pendis.v2i1.216
Kusyana, K., Romlah, R., & Subandi, S. (2024). Meningkatkan Keadilan Sosial Ekonomi melalui Implementasi Akhlaq dalam Hukum Islam: Sosial Ekonomi, Akhlaq dan Hukum Islam. Tasyri': Jurnal Muamalah dan Ekonomi Syariah, 6(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.55656/tjmes.v7i1.219
Listari, W. K., & Alimni, A. (2025). Pendidikan Islam Masa Dinasti Abbasiyah dan Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam Masa Modern. JPT: Jurnal Pendidikan Tematik, 6(2), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.62159/jpt.v4i2.834
Marshallsay, Z. (2012). Twists and turns of Islamic education across the Islamic world. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 7(3), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.5172/ijpl.2012.7.3.180
Ma'ruf, A., Wilodati, W., & Aryanti, T. (2021). Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia dalam Wacana Merebut Tafsir Gender Pasca Reformasi: Sebuah Tinjauan Genealogi. Musawa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 20(2), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2021.202.127-146
Munifah, M. (2021). Rekonstruksi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Keadilan (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang).
Mursalin, H. (2024). Wawasan Al-Qur’an tentang pendidikan dan pengajaran. An-Nidzam: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Studi Islam, 11(1), 43-68. https://doi.org/10.33507/an-nidzam.v11i1.1969
Rahman, H., & Sudirman, S. (2024). From Bayt al-Hikmah to Algebra: The Intellectual Legacy of the Islamic Golden Age. Journal of Islamic Thought and Philosophy, 3(2), 170-186. https://doi.org/10.15642/jitp.2024.3.2.170-186
Rahman, M. M. (2018). Education, teaching methods and techniques in the early years of Islam during the era of prophet Muhammad (SAW). IJRDO-Journal of Business Management, 4(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.53555/er.v3i3.1876
Ridwan, M., & Maryati, S. (2024). Dari tradisi ke masa depan: Tantangan pendidikan Islam dalam masyarakat kontemporer. Dirasah: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 630-641. https://doi.org/10.58401/dirasah.v7i2.1328
Riinawati, R. (2022). The concept of Islamic education management from the perspective of the Qur'an and al-hadith. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 3(2), 148-162. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v3i2.124
Rizani, R., Hasa, A., Umar, M., & Khasyi'in, N. (2024). Sejarah Politik Hukum Islam Dari Klasik Ke Kontemporer: Pengembangan Dan Transformasi. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory, 2(2), 854-880. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v2i2.567
Saada, N. (2023). Educating for global citizenship in religious education: Islamic perspective. International Journal of Educational Development, 103, 102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102894
Saeed, H. M. G., & Gurusiddaiah, C. (2020). Jahiliyah Arab culture, pre and post Islam. International Journal of Management & Social Science Research Review, 7(1), 39-45. http://ijmsrr.com/downloads/290120207.pdf
Satir, M. (2019). Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat Arab Masa Awal Kehadiran Pendidikan Islam. Al-Fikr: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.47945/alfikr.v5i1.17
Subagiya, B. (2024). Kepemimpinan visioner Khalifah Harun Al-Rasyid dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa peradaban Islam. Islamic Learning Horizons: Journal of Islamic Education, 1(1), 1-10. https://journal.melek.id/index.php/ilhjie/article/view/1
Supriyadi, T. (2016). Reinterpretasi kewarisan Islam bagi perempuan. Sosio Religi: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Umum, 14(2). https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/SosioReligi/article/view/5612/3812
Taufik, S. A., & Taufik, M. A. (2020). Mazhab-Mazhab Ilmu Nahwu Dalam Sastra Arab Klasik. AL-AF'IDAH: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Pengajarannya, 4(1), 65-87. https://doi.org/10.52266/al-afidah.v4i1.498
Wardiyah, J. (2021). Al-Qur’an bertutur tentang perempuan melacak kedudukan perempuan dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.47783/jurpendigu.v4i2.495
Wuryandani, W. (2020). Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah dalam Rangka Pembentukan Manusia yang Berkualitas. Jurnal Majelis, 7, 106-128. https://doi.org/10.35912/yumary.v5i1.2681
Zain, S. H. W., Wilis, E., & Sari, H. P. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Islam dalam Pembentukan Karakter Masyarakat Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Al-Qur'an dan Hadis. IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(4), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.61104/ihsan.v2i4.365
Zaman, A. (2018). An Islamic approach to inequality and poverty. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, 31(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=3096325
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Alimni Alimni, Zapia Gustina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: (1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal; (2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal; (3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
IJRIS Visitors Statistic
